"As I write, highly civilized human beings are flying overhead, trying to kill me."
"Literature, especially poetry, and lyric poetry most of all, is a kind of family joke, with little or no value outside its own language-group."
― George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius

The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius was published in February 1941, well into the Second World War, after Dunkirk and the Battle of Britain. It is a long essay, divided into three parts.

1. England Your England (35 pages)

2. Shopkeepers at War (19 pages)

3. The English Revolution (9 pages)


The three essays 1. describe the essence of Englishness and records changes in English society over the previous thirty years or so 2. make the case for a socialist system in England 3. argue for an English democratic socialism, sharply distinct from the totalitarian communism of Stalin.

Now, at this distance of 76 years, the political content seems to me almost completely useless. After the war, the socialist policies carried out by Attlee's government, thirty years of 'Butskellism' and Britain's steady industrial decline..